Jal Shakti Department GK

The Works Supervisor post in the Jal Shakti Department usually involves basic civil engineering, water supply systems, pipes, estimation, supervision of works, and general technical knowledge.
Section 1: General Engineering (Civil Basics)
1. What is civil engineering?
Civil engineering deals with the design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure like roads, bridges, buildings and water supply systems.
2. What is concrete?
A mixture of cement, sand, aggregates and water.
3. What is PCC?
Plain Cement Concrete.
4. What is RCC?
Reinforced Cement Concrete (concrete reinforced with steel bars).
5. What is curing?
Keeping concrete moist for strength development.
6. Standard curing period for concrete?
7–14 days (usually 14 days for good strength).
7. What is aggregate?
Sand, gravel or crushed stone used in concrete.
8. What is mortar?
Mixture of cement, sand and water.
9. What is the unit of force?
Newton.
10. What is the unit of pressure?
Pascal.
Section 2: Water Supply Engineering
11. What is potable water?
Water safe for drinking.
12. Minimum residual chlorine in drinking water?
0.2 mg/L.
13. What is sedimentation?
Settling of suspended particles in water.
14. What is filtration?
Removal of fine impurities from water.
15. What is chlorination?
Disinfection of water using chlorine.
16. Full form of WTP?
Water Treatment Plant.
17. Full form of OHT?
Overhead Tank.
18. What is distribution system?
Network of pipes supplying water to consumers.
19. Types of water distribution systems?
Dead end, grid iron, ring system.
20. What is head in hydraulics?
Height of water column representing pressure.
Section 3: Pipes & Plumbing
21. Common pipe materials in water supply?
PVC, DI, GI, steel.
22. Full form of PVC?
Polyvinyl Chloride.
23. Full form of GI pipe?
Galvanized Iron.
24. Full form of DI pipe?
Ductile Iron.
25. What is pipe diameter measured in?
Millimeters or inches.
26. What is a valve?
Device to control water flow.
27. What is a sluice valve?
Valve used to stop water flow in pipelines.
28. What is a check valve?
Allows flow in one direction only.
29. What is pipe joint?
Connection between two pipes.
30. What is leakage?
Loss of water through cracks or joints.
Section 4: Surveying
31. What is surveying?
Measurement of land to determine positions and distances.
32. Instrument used for leveling?
Dumpy level.
33. What is leveling?
Determining elevation of points.
34. What is benchmark?
Fixed reference point for level measurements.
35. Unit of measurement in surveying?
Meter.
36. What is contour line?
Line joining equal elevations.
37. What is chain surveying?
Survey using chain measurements.
38. Length of metric chain?
20 m or 30 m.
39. What is total station?
Electronic surveying instrument.
40. Purpose of surveying in water supply?
To determine pipe routes and elevations.
Section 5: Estimation & Costing
41. What is estimate?
Calculation of quantities and cost of work.
42. What is BOQ?
Bill of Quantities.
43. What is tender?
Offer to execute work at specified rates.
44. What is contract?
Legal agreement between contractor and department.
45. What is rate analysis?
Calculation of cost per unit of work.
46. What is measurement book (MB)?
Official record of work measurements.
47. What is abstract of cost?
Summary of estimated cost.
48. What is contingency?
Extra allowance for unforeseen expenses.
49. What is supervision?
Monitoring construction work.
50. What is schedule of rates?
List of standard rates for construction work.
Section 6: Pumps & Machinery
51. What is pump?
Device used to move water.
52. Common pump used in water supply?
Centrifugal pump.
53. What is horsepower (HP)?
Unit of power.
54. What is motor?
Machine converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
55. What is suction pipe?
Pipe drawing water into pump.
56. What is delivery pipe?
Pipe carrying water from pump.
57. What is pump efficiency?
Ratio of output power to input power.
58. What is head loss?
Loss of pressure due to friction.
59. What is priming?
Filling pump with water before starting.
60. What causes cavitation?
Formation of vapor bubbles in pump.
Section 7: Sanitation
61. What is sanitation?
Safe disposal of waste and sewage.
62. What is sewer?
Underground pipe carrying sewage.
63. What is septic tank?
Underground chamber for sewage treatment.
64. What is sludge?
Solid waste settled in sewage treatment.
65. What is drainage?
Removal of excess water.
66. What is soak pit?
Pit used for wastewater disposal.
67. What is storm water drain?
Drain carrying rainwater.
68. What is wastewater?
Used water from homes and industries.
69. What is sewage treatment plant (STP)?
Facility for treating sewage.
70. Purpose of sanitation?
Protect public health.
Section 8: Construction Materials
71. What is cement?
Binding material used in construction.
72. Types of cement?
OPC, PPC.
73. Full form of OPC?
Ordinary Portland Cement.
74. Full form of PPC?
Portland Pozzolana Cement.
75. Initial setting time of cement?
30 minutes.
76. Final setting time of cement?
10 hours.
77. What is brick?
Building unit made of clay.
78. Standard brick size in India?
190 × 90 × 90 mm.
79. What is steel used for?
Reinforcement in concrete.
80. What is sand?
Fine aggregate used in construction.
Section 9: Safety & Supervision
81. What is site supervision?
Monitoring work at construction site.
82. Why is safety important in construction?
To prevent accidents.
83. What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment.
84. Examples of PPE?
Helmet, gloves, boots.
85. What is scaffolding?
Temporary structure for workers.
86. What is first aid?
Immediate medical assistance.
87. What is inspection?
Checking quality of work.
88. What is quality control?
Ensuring work meets standards.
89. What is maintenance?
Repair and upkeep of structures.
90. What is record keeping?
Maintaining official documents of work.
Section 10: General Knowledge for Department Work
91. Main function of the Jal Shakti Department?
Water supply and irrigation management.
92. What is irrigation?
Artificial supply of water to crops.
93. What is canal?
Man-made water channel.
94. What is dam?
Structure to store water.
95. What is reservoir?
Large water storage area.
96. What is groundwater?
Water stored below earth surface.
97. What is borewell?
Deep well drilled for water.
98. What is water conservation?
Saving and managing water resources.
99. What is rainwater harvesting?
Collection of rainwater for reuse.
100. Role of Works Supervisor?
Supervise construction, maintain water supply systems, and ensure quality work.
Section 11: Hydraulics
101. What is hydraulics?
Study of fluids in motion and at rest.
102. What is flow rate?
Volume of water passing per unit time.
103. Unit of flow rate?
Cubic meter per second (m³/s).
104. What is velocity?
Speed of water flow.
105. Formula of discharge?
Q = A × V.
106. What is laminar flow?
Smooth and orderly flow of liquid.
107. What is turbulent flow?
Irregular and chaotic flow.
108. What is hydraulic gradient?
Slope of water pressure line.
109. What is pressure head?
Height of water column producing pressure.
110. What is total head?
Sum of pressure head, velocity head and elevation head.
Section 12: Water Supply Components
111. What is intake structure?
Structure used to collect water from source.
112. Common water sources?
Rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater.
113. What is pumping station?
Facility used to pump water to higher levels.
114. What is service reservoir?
Tank storing treated water before distribution.
115. What is balancing reservoir?
Tank balancing supply and demand.
116. What is transmission main?
Large pipe carrying water from source to treatment plant.
117. What is distribution pipe?
Pipe supplying water to consumers.
118. What is standpost?
Public tap for water supply.
119. What is fire hydrant?
Water outlet used by firefighters.
120. What is scour valve?
Valve used to remove sediments from pipeline.
Section 13: Pipe Fittings
121. What is elbow?
Pipe fitting used to change direction.
122. What is tee joint?
Pipe fitting used for branch connection.
123. What is reducer?
Pipe fitting used to reduce pipe diameter.
124. What is coupling?
Connector joining two pipes.
125. What is flange joint?
Pipe connection using bolts and flanges.
126. What is expansion joint?
Joint allowing pipe expansion due to temperature.
127. What is air valve?
Valve used to release trapped air.
128. Why is air valve important?
Prevents air lock in pipelines.
129. What is thrust block?
Concrete block preventing pipe movement.
130. Where are thrust blocks used?
At bends, tees and valves.
Section 14: Pumps & Electrical Basics
131. What is centrifugal pump principle?
Uses centrifugal force to move water.
132. What is impeller?
Rotating part of pump.
133. What is pump casing?
Outer covering of pump.
134. What is electric motor?
Device converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
135. Unit of electrical power?
Watt.
136. What is voltage?
Electrical potential difference.
137. Unit of voltage?
Volt.
138. What is current?
Flow of electric charge.
139. Unit of current?
Ampere.
140. What is circuit breaker?
Device protecting electrical circuits.
Section 15: Construction Work
141. What is excavation?
Removing earth for construction.
142. What is backfilling?
Refilling soil after pipe laying.
143. What is compaction?
Pressing soil to increase density.
144. What is shuttering?
Temporary support for concrete.
145. What is formwork?
Mould used to shape concrete.
146. What is reinforcement?
Steel bars placed in concrete.
147. What is plastering?
Covering walls with mortar.
148. What is flooring?
Surface finishing of floor.
149. What is curing method?
Sprinkling water on concrete.
150. Purpose of curing?
Increase strength and durability.
Section 16: Measurement & Units
151. Unit of length?
Meter.
152. Unit of area?
Square meter.
153. Unit of volume?
Cubic meter.
154. Unit of weight?
Kilogram.
155. 1 cubic meter = ? liters
1000 liters.
156. 1 kilometer = ? meters
1000 meters.
157. 1 meter = ? centimeters
100 cm.
158. 1 inch = ? mm
25.4 mm.
159. 1 hectare = ? square meters
10,000 m².
160. 1 liter = ? milliliters
1000 ml.
Section 17: Water Quality
161. What is pH?
Measure of acidity or alkalinity of water.
162. Ideal pH of drinking water?
6.5–8.5.
163. What is turbidity?
Cloudiness of water.
164. What causes turbidity?
Suspended particles.
165. What is hardness of water?
Presence of calcium and magnesium salts.
166. What is soft water?
Water with low mineral content.
167. What is iron contamination?
Presence of iron in water.
168. What is fluoride?
Mineral sometimes found in groundwater.
169. What is bacteriological contamination?
Presence of harmful bacteria.
170. Purpose of water testing?
Ensure safe drinking water.
Section 18: Irrigation Basics
171. What is irrigation engineering?
Engineering related to water supply for agriculture.
172. Types of irrigation?
Canal, drip, sprinkler.
173. What is canal irrigation?
Water supply through canals.
174. What is drip irrigation?
Water supplied drop by drop.
175. What is sprinkler irrigation?
Water sprayed like rainfall.
176. What is command area?
Area served by irrigation system.
177. What is head regulator?
Structure controlling water flow into canal.
178. What is distributary canal?
Smaller canal distributing water.
179. What is barrage?
Structure controlling river water flow.
180. What is spillway?
Structure allowing excess water to pass.
Section 19: Maintenance Work
181. What is pipeline maintenance?
Repair and upkeep of water pipelines.
182. What causes pipe leakage?
Corrosion, cracks, loose joints.
183. What is pipe flushing?
Cleaning pipeline with water flow.
184. What is valve maintenance?
Checking and repairing valves.
185. What is pump maintenance?
Regular inspection and lubrication.
186. What is preventive maintenance?
Maintenance done before breakdown.
187. What is corrective maintenance?
Repair after failure.
188. What is inspection schedule?
Planned checking of systems.
189. Why record maintenance work?
For future reference.
190. Who supervises maintenance work?
Works Supervisor.
Section 20: Department Duties
191. Main duty of Works Supervisor?
Supervise construction and maintenance works.
192. Who prepares work reports?
Works Supervisor.
193. Who checks work quality?
Supervisor and engineers.
194. What is daily progress report?
Record of daily work progress.
195. What is site inspection?
Checking work at construction site.
196. Why is teamwork important?
For efficient project completion.
197. Who manages labour at site?
Supervisor.
198. Why follow safety rules?
To avoid accidents.
199. What is project planning?
Scheduling work activities.
200. Goal of the Jal Shakti Department?
Provide safe water supply and manage water resources.